Children of Osgodby village have always attended schools in Barlby.
A grammar-school teacher was licensed at Barlby in 1585 and 1673.
There were two schools in the early 19th century. One had 6 children in 1819 and 20 in 1835, and was said to have an endowment of 1 a. of land in the former year and £2 a year in the latter. The endowment was that of Ralph Lodge, devised by will proved in 1661 for the education of poor children in the township
The second school, entirely supported by parents’ contributions, had about 40 and 25 pupils respectively in those years.
In 1871 35 children attended the National school. The Barlby cum Osgodby National School was rebuilt on a new site, east of the church. In 1875 the average attendance was 27 when its income included 8s. 6d. from the endowment. The school received an annual government grant by 1877–8.
There was also a Wesleyan day school in 1871, with 38 in attendance.
During the 1860/70s, Miss Stringer ran a private Ladies Boarding School at Barlby Hall.
In 1913 a new school was opened on the Selby road, just south of the village, with accommodation for 268. The old school was subsequently used as a church hall and is today a private dwelling house
The new school was enlarged in 1914, when the average attendance rose from about 90 to 158; by 1919 there were 200 in attendance. Many children, however, went to school in Selby: in 1920, for example, 270 attended the village school and 251 went to Selby.
Barlby Bridge school, for the Selby ‘suburb’, was opened in 1925.
A secondary school was opened at Barlby, on the Riccall road, in 1960 to serve about ten villages in the area.